The ideal basic refrigeration cycle consists of four components, connected by piping with refrigerant flowing through the system. A heat pump is a mechanical system that allows for the transference of heat from one location the source at a lower temperature to another location the sink or heat sink at a higher temperature. The compressor does work on the refrigeration system consumes energy. Refrigeration cycle article about refrigeration cycle by. Heat rejection from the lower cycle to the upper cycle takes place in an adiabatic counterflow heat exchanger where both streams enter at about 0. The domestic refrigerator is one found in almost all homes for storing food, vegetables, fruits, beverages, and much more.
A refrigeration system is composed of six main parts. In any cycle application whether it is an air conditioner or heat pump or small refrigerator there is 4 major components. Hvac the refrigeration cycle hvac training for beginners. Jul 17, 2017 centrifugal compressors compress refrigerant gas through the centrifugal force created by rotors that spin at high speed. Air conditioning clinic refrigeration cycle one of the. The compressor has two functions in the compression refrigeration cycle. Refrigeration heat transfer devices such as air cooled condensers and evaporators are often made out of copper pipes with aluminium fins and further enhanced with fans to force air through the fins. We focus on our core business of making quality products, components and systems that enhance performance and reduce.
Discover how the refrigeration cycle keeps your produce fresh, and your beverages frosty. First it removes the refrigerant vapor from the evaporator and reduces the pressure in the. The highpressure ammonia liquid flows through the expansion valve. There are 4 main components in a mechanical refrigeration system. Sep 10, 2016 the refrigeration cycle contains four major components. In practice, the working fluid of the lower cycle is at a higher. Th movement cooling by the removal of heat the movement of heat from a place where it is notot a ted to a wanted to a. The rate of heat absorption by the evaporator differs from different cargoes carried and the outside air temperature. However, in many parts of the refrigeration community it is still. The reversed carnot cycle is the most efficient refrigeration cycle operating between two specified. Ts diagram and major components for carnot refrigerator. Refrigeration manual, and follows part 1, fundamentals of refrigeration. When the hot gas in the coils meets the cooler air temperature of the kitchen, it becomes a liquid.
Air conditioning clinic refrigeration system components air one. A i t f 200 250 212 100 sensible steam heat measurable temperature temperature above 212 f. The primary difference is in the manner in which heat is utilized. Refrigeration cycles the vapor compression refrigeration cycle is a common method for transferring heat from a low temperature to a high temperature. If an expander had been used the line from d to a would be a vertical line. Refrigeration cycle tutorial university of oklahoma.
Wet refrigeration cycle the expander has been substituted by a throttling valve. The refrigeration cycle explained in plain english. The refrigerant aka coolant absorbs heat from inside of your home and then pumps it outside. The vaporcompression refrigeration cycle has four components.
The specific gravity of any substance is the ratio of weight of a given volume of the substance to the weight of the same volume of a given substance. Refrigeration cycle every single refrigerator is made up of at least four key parts. Any components beyond these basic 4 are called accessories. Now in liquid form at high pressure, the refrigerant cools down as it flows into the coils inside the. The cold ammonia gas is sucked up by the compressor, and the cycle repeats. It is based on the second law of thermodynamics that the heat can made to flow from cold body to a hot body with the help of external source. The most common refrigeration system in use today involves the input of work from a compressor and uses the vapor compression cycle. The refrigeration cycles can also be represented in a ph diagram. An air conditioner works using a thermodynamic cycle called the refrigeration cycle. The refrigeration system and components part 3 youtube.
How an air conditioner works the refrigeration cycle. The purpose of the compressor in the refrigeration cycle is to accept the lowpressure dry gas from the evaporator and raise its pressure to that of the condenser. The science behind refrigeration berg chilling systems inc. It does this by changing the pressure and state of the refrigerant to absorb or release heat. The design is to be based upon the ideal vaporcompression refrigeration cycle, with four components. Firstlesson on how the basic refrigeration cycle works the refrigeration cycle explains to us what is happening to the ac freon in each of the four components within the central air conditioner. The refrigerant begins as a cool vapor and heads to the first component. All air conditioner units must have the five basic components to work. Ii the major 4 components it part i of the refrigeration cycle we explain the general idea of the cycle now we will go more in depth.
It is an ebook for people who are involved in training and. Before we dive in, lets get an understanding of four key concepts. The flow of this gas through various parts of the refrigeration system is called a refrigeration cycle. These pressure areas are divided by the other two components. The compressor the condensing coil the metering device the evaporator 3. It tells us how much refrigerant the evaporator absorbs, the refrigerant properties in the compressor, and how much refrigerant the condenser rejects. The main components there are four main components in a refrigeration system. The major components and phases of the refrigeration cycle will be observed. A refrigeration system is a combination of components and equipment connected in a sequential order to produce the refrigeration effect. Refrigeration and air conditioning technology gunt hamburg. The major components of a vaporcompression refrigeration system include the compressor, condenser, expansion device, and evaporator. Rev pages chapter 9 refrigerants, refrigeration cycles, and. Heat pump refrigeration cycle ii the major 4 components.
The 6 main components of a refrigeration system bartlett blog. Refrigeration cycle it is a well known fact that heat flows in the direction of decreasing temperature, i. Welcome to the manual for refrigeration servicing technicians. This is often measured at the liquids boiling point. Refrigeration components ltd located in nairobi, kenya. If the reliability of the system and its components are poor, resulting in repeated service visits and losses of parts and refrigerant, then a. Ph diagram representation of a dry refrigeration cycle. A diagram of a typical vaporcompression refrigeration cycle can be superimposed on a pressureenthalpy ph chart to demonstrate the function of each component in the system.
Components evaporator condenser receiver expansion device. Cutaway models of industrial components used in refrigeration engineering cong ty tnhh thien vi. Vaporcompression uses a circulating liquid refrigerant as the medium which absorbs and removes heat from the space to be cooled and subsequently rejects that heat elsewhere. Refrigeration cycle a reverse thermodynamic cycle whereby heat is transferred from a body with a lower temperature to a body with a higher temperature owing to the. Compressor which uses work input to reduce the pressure in the evaporator and increase the pressure of the vapour being transferred to the. That noise is the sound of highpressure liquid refrigerant flowing through the expansion valve. The article explains the four components of a refrigerator. The refrigeration cycle is a critical component of hvac systems and is governed by the principles of thermodynamics. Online hvac training the refrigeration system and components part 3 for more training go to. The ammonia gas condenses into ammonia liquid dark blue at high pressure. It does this by expanding the region of the flow volume to slow the flow velocity of the working fluid. Compressors version 1 me, iit kharagpur 1 the objectives of this lesson are to. A refrigerator compressor is the center of the refrigeration cycle.
The problem is how to convey heat from an area of a given temperature to an area of higher temperature. Density and specific gravity of some common substances. Refrigerant remains piped between these four components and is contained in the refrigerant loop. However, first lets understand air conditioning theory, the basic principle, types of heat, how heat transfers and i will show you how the basic refrigeration cycle diagram works. Refrigeration fundamentals 2175 west park place blvd. Sunlight goes source to an through a window absorbent surface without heating the space in through a window without heating the glass but heats the the space in s rface in the room between. Main elements of a compression refrigeration system. Thus a heat pump may be thought of as a heater if the. The above figure shows the objectives of refrigerators and heat pumps. Manual for refrigeration servicing introduction technicians. As the temperature of the substances tends to equalize, the flow of heat slows and stops completely when the temperatures are equalized. The copper refrigerant tube a tube that connects these air conditioner parts well be discussing the ac cycle from splitcentral air conditioner units perspective. Oct 26, 2001 seven separate components are needed in a basic system for this refrigeration cycle to work. The ph chart graphically shows where the physical states of these five mechanical components is and what is happening to the refrigerant within these components.
The compressor is a vapour compression pump which uses pistons or some other method to compress the refrigerant gas and send it on its way to the condenser. The compressor discharges high pressure, high temperature vapor through the discharge line the smaller line. The information included on refrigeration components is general in nature and is intended only to give a brief description of their operation. Basic refrigeration cycle nina sri maulani 121624023 tptu 2012 2. Detailed information as to specific products is available from manufacturers of components and accessories. The air is adiabatically compressed, passes through a cooler, and is adiabatically expanded in an expansion engine. The compressor constricts the refrigerant vapor, raising its pressure, and pushes it into the coils on the outside of the refrigerator. The fan on the condenser blows the heat out over the condenser coil, then the high pressure vapor will lose some energy and turn into a high pressure liquid. The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air. The condenser of the plant is to be cooled by liquid water, which experiences a temperature rise of 8oc as it flows over the coils of the condenser. Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pumps and refrigerators.
At this stage in the refrigeration cycle, high pressure liquid refrigerant will flow down the liquid line, through a filter drier that is designed to prevent contaminants from flowing through the system, and on to the metering device. Refrigeration and hvac refrigeration training system, model 3431. As there is no condensation and evaporation intended in a gas cycle, components corresponding to the condenser and evaporator in a vapor compression cycle are the hot and. The term refrigeration means cooling a space, substance or system to lower andor maintain its temperature below the ambient one while the removed heat is rejected at a higher temperature. We focus on our core business of making quality products, components and. Well discuss the refrigeration cycle using this cycle diagram.
Materials as printouts and additionally also as pdf files. The evaporator boils the liquid refrigerant at a low temperature, which causes the refrigerant to absorb heat. Also covered in this chapter are the methods used for installing, maintaining, and repairing refrigeration equipment, including domestic refrigerators and freezers. The cop of a carnot vapor compression cycle is given by. This is a refrigeration cycle diagram of regular central air conditioner units. This article describes the important parts of a refrigerator and also their working. Seven separate components are needed in a basic system for this refrigeration cycle to work. Saturation curve this curve represents what state vapor or liquid and region subcooled, latent heat, and superheat the refrigerant is in. Ideal basic refrigeration cycle the ideal basic refrigeration cycle consists of four components, connected by piping with refrigerant flowing through the system. By the way, if you have ever turned your car off on a hot summer day when you have had the air conditioner running, you may have heard a hissing noise under the hood. Refrigeration fundamentals heatcraft worldwide refrigeration.
This diagram illustrates a basic vaporcompression refrigeration system that contains the described components. Refrigeration components ltd nairobi, kenya contact. Where solids or liquids are concerned water is used as a basis for specific gravity calculations, and air or hydrogen is used as a standard for gases. It raises the pressure, temperature and enthalpy of the refrigerant by compressing the saturated gas, in an isentropic process, to a superheated.
Thus, it is possible to transfer heat from an area of low temperature i. It works as a pump to control the circulation of the refrigerant, and it adds pressure to the refrigerant, heating it up. Evaporation occurs at a low temperature and low pressure while condensation occurs at a high temperature and high pressure. The greater the difference in temperature between the two substances, the faster the heat flow. Freon gas passes through these parts and undergoes various phase transitions. Feel free to copy this refrigeration cycle diagram and print it out. Figure 1 depicts a typical, singlestage vaporcompression system.
Compressor basic refrigeration cycle evaporator condenser receiver expansion device. The compressor also draws vapor away from the evaporator to maintain a lower pressure and lower temperature before sending it to the condenser. Cascading improves the cop of a refrigeration cycle. We will now take a closer look at the individual components of. The copper refrigerant tube a tube that connects these air conditioner parts well be discussing the ac cycle from splitcentral air. The coils on the back of the refrigerator let the hot ammonia gas dissipate its heat. The compressed gas heats up as it is pressurized orange. You can think of the expansion valve as a small hole. The refrigeration cycle used in denseair refrigerating machines consists of two adiabatic and two isobaric processes.
Cascade cycle is used where a very wide range of temperature between tl and th is required. Key components on a commercial refrigerator will be identified. Refrigeration components manufacturers, suppliers, exporters. This is the amount of heat required to turn a liquid into a gas. The purpose of a refrigerator is the removal of heat, called the cooling load, from a lowtemperature medium. Refrigeration components for basic experimentsadvanced technocracy inc. Back to basics whether youre new to refrigeration or just want to brush up on your basics, the following information may be useful. Now that you have some basic hvac training on components that make up the refrigeration cycle, lets learn how it actually works. Goals of lab to get acquainted with a vaporcompression refrigeration system to be able to use pressureenthalpy diagrams and tables to determine the c. In the denseair cycle, the refrigerant air is drawn by a compressor from the space to be cooled. The transfer of heat by passing from a source to an example. When the working fluid is a gas that is compressed and expanded but doesnt change phase, the refrigeration cycle is called a gas cycle. Air conditioning clinic refrigeration system components.
In many ways, the refrigerator works in a similar manner to how a home air conditioning unit works. Descriptionthe set includes simple refrigeration components, such as expansion elements and. Refrigeration is necessary to keep food or other items fresh and cold. Refrigeration system components emerson climate technologies. In other words, refrigeration is artificial humanmade cooling.
1442 1466 1284 14 662 1177 695 1126 112 1283 912 777 519 663 1397 308 234 99 308 815 989 350 1191 471 56 180 1017 1112 955 136